The ageing society poses significant challenges to Europe’s economy and society. In coming to grips with these issues, we must be aware of their ethical dimensions. Values are the heart of the European Union, as Article 1a of the Lisbon Treaty makes clear: “The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity…”. The notion of Europe as a community of values has various important implications, including the development of inclusion policies. A special case of exclusion concerns the (...) gap between those people with effective access to digital and information technology and those without access to it, the “digital divide”, which in Europe is chiefly age-related. Policies to overcome the digital divide and, more generally speaking, e-inclusion policies addressing the ageing population raise some ethical problems. Among younger senior citizens, say those between 65 and 80 years old, the main issues are likely to be universal access to ICT and e-participation. Among the older senior citizens, say those more than 80 years old, the main issues are mental and physical deterioration and assistive technology. An approach geared towards the protection of human rights could match the different needs of senior citizens and provide concrete guidance to evaluate information technologies for them. (shrink)

The ageing society poses significant challenges to Europe’s economy and society. In coming to grips with these issues, we must be aware of their ethical dimensions. Values are the heart of the European Union, as Article 1a of the Lisbon Treaty makes clear: “The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity…”. The notion of Europe as a community of values has various important implications, including the development of inclusion policies. A special case of exclusion concerns the (...) gap between those people with effective access to digital and information technology and those without access to it, the “digital divide”, which in Europe is chiefly age-related. Policies to overcome the digital divide and, more generally speaking, e-inclusion policies addressing the ageing population raise some ethical problems. Among younger senior citizens, say those between 65 and 80 years old, the main issues are likely to be universal access to ICT and e-participation. Among the older senior citizens, say those more than 80 years old, the main issues are mental and physical deterioration and assistive technology. An approach geared towards the protection of human rights could match the different needs of senior citizens and provide concrete guidance to evaluate information technologies for them. (shrink)

The ageing society poses significant challenges to Europe’s economy and society. In coming to grips with these issues, we must be aware of their ethical dimensions. Values are the heart of the European Union, as Article 1a of the Lisbon Treaty makes clear: “The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity…”. The notion of Europe as a community of values has various important implications, including the development of inclusion policies. A special case of exclusion concerns the (...) gap between those people with effective access to digital and information technology and those without access to it, the “digital divide”, which in Europe is chiefly age-related. Policies to overcome the digital divide and, more generally speaking, e-inclusion policies addressing the ageing population raise some ethical problems. Among younger senior citizens, say those between 65 and 80 years old, the main issues are likely to be universal access to ICT and e-participation. Among the older senior citizens, say those more than 80 years old, the main issues are mental and physical deterioration and assistive technology. An approach geared towards the protection of human rights could match the different needs of senior citizens and provide concrete guidance to evaluate information technologies for them. (shrink)

Ethical questions about information and communications technologies have been debated since World War II. Western democracies have had more than 50 years of experience in addressing and organising the ethical, social and legal aspects of scientific and technological developments. However, this expertise, tradition and experience are not enough to manage the most urgent ethical and social issues and contemporary challenges involving ICT. A systematic and institutional organisation of social values in the context of modern ICT tools is needed.This paper focuses (...) on four major areas: developing a specific approach to ethical issues raised by ICT; describing in more detail the age-related digital divide in Europe; identifying technology trends and emerging challenges; and defining the legal framework for inclusion of senior citizens in the digital society. The paper then concludes with a summary of its key points on the basis of which it makes three proposals as a contribution to efforts aimed at overcoming the exclusion of senior citizens from today's Information Society. (shrink)

After canvassing with good grace the make-up of cyberspace Andrew Murray wonders, in his recent book The Regulation of Cyberspace, which role traditional lawmakers are left to play in the new cyber-regulatory environment. Murray describes the static `command and control' regulatory model as disruptive and ineffective, and supports instead a dynamic, complimentary, and symbiotic regulatory model, which he presents under the features of an autopoietic environment and systems dynamics theory.Regulatory models, explains Andrew Murray in his recent book The Regulation of (...) Cyberspace, intervene when a `disruptive innovation', such as the Internet, creates a regulatory vacuum. As cyberpaternalists suggest, however, the lack of traditional legal-regulatory control systems does not mean total freedom within cyberspace . On the contrary, as the author contends, `regulators of all forms rush to fill in this vacuum' so that the traditional regulatory mechanism is replaced by private regulatory systems acting, as Joel Reidenberg exposed, as `proxies' to the traditional regulatory system . Murray shares this point, but also gives credit to the views of cyberlibertarians. Cyberlibertarians argue that traditional command and control models are at last ineffective, even when they operate through proxies. In cyberspace, so they claim, regulators and regulatees mingle with each other to such an unheard-of extent that regulatory interventions cannot be effective unless regulatees co-operate actively.In his book, professor Andrew Murray treasures the sound arguments advanced by the cyberlibertarian and cyberpaternalist camps, and draws lessons from both in order to build a dialectic confrontation between static instrument and dynamic instrument thinking in the regulation of cyberspace. He consecrates the pars destruens of his work to explain why lawmakers should eschew the static approach and adheres to the pars construens to expand on a more dynamic and `smarter' regulatory model. (shrink)

This paper introduces the logics of super-strict implications, where a super-strict implication is a strengthening of C.I. Lewis' strict implication that avoids not only the paradoxes of material implication but also those of strict implication. The semantics of super-strict implications is obtained by strengthening the (normal) relational semantics for strict implication. We consider all logics of super-strict implications that are based on relational frames for modal logics in the modal cube. it is shown that all logics of super-strict implications are (...) connexive logics in that they validate Aristotle's Theses and (weak) Boethius's Theses. A proof-theoretic characterisation of logics of super-strict implications is given by means of G3-style labelled calculi, and it is proved that the structural rules of inference are admissible in these calculi. It is also shown that validity in the S5-based logic of super-strict implications is equivalent to validity in G. Priest's negation-as-cancellation-based logic. Hence, we also give a cut-free calculus for Priest's logic. (shrink)

In previous work by Baaz and Iemhoff, a Gentzen calculus for intuitionistic logic with existence predicate is presented that satisfies partial cut elimination and Craig's interpolation property; it is also conjectured that interpolation fails for the implication-free fragment. In this paper an equivalent calculus is introduced that satisfies full cut elimination and allows a direct proof of interpolation via Maehara's lemma. In this way, it is possible to obtain much simpler interpolants and to better understand and overcome the failure of (...) interpolation for the implication-free fragment. (shrink)

Starting from a proof-theoretic perspective, where meaning is determined by the inference rules governing logical operators, in this paper we primarily aim at developing a proof-theoretic alternative to the model-theoretic meaning-invariant logical pluralism discussed in Beall and Restall. We will also outline how this framework can be easily extended to include a form of meaning-variant logical pluralism. In this respect, the framework developed in this paper—which we label two-level proof-theoretic pluralism—is much broader in scope than the one discussed in Beall (...) and Restall’s book. (shrink)

The paper presents an epistemic logic with quantification over agents of knowledge and with a syntactical distinction between de re and de dicto occurrences of terms. Knowledge de dicto is characterized as ‘knowledge that’, and knowlegde de re as ‘knowledge of’. Transition semantics turns out to be an adequate tool to account for the distinctions introduced.

This paper studies proof systems for the logics of super-strict implication $\textsf{ST2}$ – $\textsf{ST5}$, which correspond to C.I. Lewis’ systems $\textsf{S2}$ – $\textsf{S5}$ freed of paradoxes of strict implication. First, Hilbert-style axiomatic systems are introduced and shown to be sound and complete by simulating $\textsf{STn}$ in $\textsf{Sn}$ and backsimulating $\textsf{Sn}$ in $\textsf{STn}$, respectively (for ${\textsf{n}} =2, \ldots, 5$ ). Next, $\textsf{G3}$ -style labelled sequent calculi are investigated. It is shown that these calculi have the good structural properties that are distinctive (...) of $\textsf{G3}$ -style calculi, that they are sound and complete, and it is shown that the proof search for $\mathsf {G3.ST2}$ is terminating and therefore the logic is decidable. (shrink)

The mainstream science of consciousness offers a few predominate views of how the brain gives rise to awareness. Chief among these are the Higher-Order Thought Theory, Global Neuronal Workspace Theory, Integrated Information Theory, and hybrids thereof. In parallel, rapid development in predictive processing approaches have begun to outline concrete mechanisms by which interoceptive inference shapes selfhood, affect, and exteroceptive perception. Here, we consider these new approaches in terms of what they might offer our empirical, phenomenological, and philosophical understanding of consciousness (...) and its neurobiological roots. (shrink)

Business and Society Review, Volume 127, Issue 1, Page 69-96, Spring 2022.

Neste artigo apresentamos parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa e de revisão bibliográfica, cujo problema envolve os sentidos de ensino de Filosofia no currículo para o ensino médio no período de 2009 a 2019. Assim, objetivamos investigar os discursos sobre ensino de Filosofia no ensino médio, presentes na produção acadêmica dos autores mais recorrentes do campo teórico. Para tanto, nos aportamos na Teoria do Discurso de Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe, cuja potência teórica, já afirmada em importantes trabalhos do (...) campo educacional, nos permitiu identificar o problema do não reconhecimento do ensino de Filosofia como um ponto-nodal que une uma parte da comunidade acadêmica de Filosofia na afirmação antagônica de que tal ensino deve, sim, compor o currículo do nível médio brasileiro. Palavras-chave: Filosofia; Ensino de Filosofia; Currículo; Ensino médio; Teoria do Discurso Discourse on Philosophy teaching in the high school curriculum: defense of a problem, curricular conception and affirmation of a practice Abstract: In this article we present part of the results of a research of qualitative nature and bibliographic cut whose problem involves the meanings of Philosophy teaching in the curriculum for high school in the period from 2009 to 2019. Thus, we aim to investigate the discourses on teaching Philosophy in high school present in the academic production of the most recurrent authors in the theoretical field. To this end, we focus on the Discourse Theory of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, whose theoretical potency, already affirmed in important works in the educational field, allowed us to identify the problem of the non- recognition of philosophy teaching as a nodal point that unites a part of the academic philosophy community in the antagonistic claim that such teaching should be part of the Brazilian high school curriculum. Key-words: Philosophy; Philosophy teaching; Curriculum; High school; Discourse Theory. Discursos sobre la enseñanza de la Filosofía en el currículo de bachillerato: defensa de un problema, concepción curricular y afirmación de una práctica Resumen: En este artículo presentamos parte de los resultados de una investigación cualitativa y revisión bibliográfica, cuyo problema involucra los significados de la enseñanza de la Filosofía en el currículo para la escuela secundaria en el período de 2009 a 2019. Así, nos propusimos investigar los discursos sobre la enseñanza de la Filosofía en la escuela secundaria, presentes en la producción académica de los autores más recurrentes en el campo teórico. Para ello, hemos estado en la Teoría del Discurso de Ernesto Laclau y Chantal Mouffe, cuyo poder teórico, ya afirmado en importantes trabajos del campo educativo, nos permitió identificar el problema del no reconocimiento de la enseñanza de la filosofía como un punto-nodal que une a una parte de la comunidad académica de la Filosofía en la afirmación antagónica de que dicha enseñanza debe, Sí, para conformar el currículo del nivel medio brasileño. Palabras clave: Filosofía; Enseñanza de la filosofía; Plan de estudios; Bachillerato; Teoría del discurso. Data de registro: 02/03/2022 Data de aceite: 17/05/2022. (shrink)

The gendered occupational role can have an impact on both employees and organizations they work for. This study aims to explore different sides and factors that are related to experience, challenges, and coping mechanisms of male dry cleaners amidst gendered occupational roles. The methodology used were: Heideggeran Phenomenology, Semi- structured Interview Guide, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) by van Kaam and modified by Moustakas. This st udy had 15 participants. Based on the data collected, the following themes were identified in this (...) study; namely, (1) The Steadf ast, (2) and The Challenged. Likewise, the following sub themes were identified from the data- gathering and are based on their perspectives. Masculinity of a male laundry employee can really affect the perspective of an in dividual, the more the male look masculine the more that the people can easily conclude that his physique is not suitable on the jobs like laundry, because people always expect that men should work on a heavy work like truck, construction sites, etc. (shrink)

Apoyándonos en la rehabilitación por Antoni Domènech del concepto de fraternidad, pretendemos señalar la necesidad de reintepretar hoy a la luz del mismo el pensamiento político de Marx. Tanto sus escritos de juventud como los de madurez brindan una teoría crítica del Estado y del Derecho que estaría animada por una insobornable inspiración ética. Esta nada tendría que ver con la tan denostada “moralización” de la política. Más bien, en la estela de Levinas, tenderemos a leerla como una an-arquía de (...) lo político que nos obligaría a complementar la tradición histórica del republicanismo. (shrink)

Mitchell, J.C. and E. Moggi, Kripke-style models for typed lambda calculus, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 51 99–124. The semantics of typed lambda calculus is usually described using Henkin models, consisting of functions over some collection of sets, or concrete cartesian closed categories, which are essentially equivalent. We describe a more general class of Kripke-style models. In categorical terms, our Kripke lambda models are cartesian closed subcategories of the presheaves over a poset. To those familiar with Kripke models of (...) modal or intuitionistic logics, Kripke lambda models are likely to seem adequately ‘semantic’. However, when viewed as cartesian closed categories, they do not have the property variously referred to as concreteness, well- pointedness or having enough points. While the traditional lambda calculus proof system is not complete for Henkin models that may have empty types, we prove strong completeness for Kripke models. In fact, every set of equations that is closed under implication is the theory of a single Kripke model. We also develop some properties of logical relations over Kripke structures, showing that every theory is the theory of a model determined by a Kripke equivalence relation over a Henkin model. We discuss cartesian closed categories but present the main definitions and results without the use of category theory. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre o currículo da escola no campo e as relações étnico-raciais no município de Amargosa-Ba, município localizado no território de identidade do Vale do Jiquiriçá. O lócus da pesquisa foi a escola municipal Margarida Maria Alves. As análises foram realizadas por meio da leitura do Projeto Político-Pedagógico e dos Planos de Ensino dos professores das disciplinas de Língua Portuguesa, História, Ciências e Artes. Os documentos curriculares analisados apontam indícios de que a educação no campo do (...) município está sendo trabalhada com o paradigma da educação no campo funcional, porque reconhece as diferenças, todavia, o município ainda adota nas escolas do campo um currículo urbano. Algumas ações inseridas no plano de ensino dos professores indicam que os conteúdos referentes às relações étnico-raciais, estão presentes no cotidiano da escola, ainda que de forma bem tímida, sobressaindo-se na disciplina de História. (shrink)

Being able to state the principles which lie deepest in the foundations of mathematics by sentences in three variables is crucially important for a satisfactory equational rendering of set theories along the lines proposed by Alfred Tarski and Steven Givant in their monograph of 1987. The main achievement of this paper is the proof that the 'kernel' set theory whose postulates are extensionality. (E), and single-element adjunction and removal. (W) and (L), cannot be axiomatized by means of three-variable sentences. This (...) highlights a sharp edge to be crossed in order to attain an 'algebraization' of Set Theory. Indeed, one easily shows that the theory which results from the said kernel by addition of the null set axiom, (N), is in its entirety expressible in three variables. (shrink)

Pensar el asunto del deber moral en la ética profesional es el objetivo central de este trabajo, el cual es llevado a cabo, partiendo del análisis y desarrollo de los conceptos que lo fundan como problema filosófico; el concepto de profesión a través de la historia, la deontología como ética profesional y el concepto de deber moral en la praxis profesional, son los tres momentos lógicos que guían este estudio.

Apresentação do Dossiê QUILOMBOS: RESISTÊNCIAS E RESSIGNIFICADOS NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE.

Name der Zeitschrift: Der Islam Jahrgang: 92 Heft: 2 Seiten: 468-500.

¿Qué significado tiene el concepto de Phantasie en Richir? ¿Cuál es su lugar en la fenomenología arquitectónica? ¿Y cuál es su relación con el Leib, la idea de un cuerpo propio que este autor retoma de Husserl? El objetivo de este artículo es contestar a estas preguntas introduciendo el camino seguido por el filósofo belga Marc Richir que, poniendo en tela de juicio desde sus primeras obras la noción husserliana de sujeto trascendental, se dirige a una propuesta de refundación de (...) la fenomenología. Para hacerlo indagaremos algunos conceptos centrales para este autor: yo despierto/yo dormido, temporalidad, stimmung, interfacticidad. (shrink)

Die Untersuchungen betreffen die Rezeption von kantischem Denken in der Hispanidad. Es handelt sich um Akten eines Kongresses, der 1983 an der Universitat zu Koln stattfand. Die verschiedenen Reaktionen (positive wie auch kritische) auf das kantische Denken von Autoren wie M. Nieto Serrano, J.M. Rey y Heredia, K.C.F. Krause, J. Sanz del Rio, J. Zubiri und R. Torretti werden thematisiert.".

La síntesis de la filosofía africana aporta datos sorprendentes sobre el origen de la cultura occidental. Ni los filósofos y literatos griegos surgieron de la nada, ni la civilización egipcia nació en sí misma, como un milagro. El hilo conductor, la fuente nutricia de ambos “milagros” culturales “egipcio y griego” está en la cultura africana. Y no podía ser de otra manera ya que nuestra especie, el homo sapiens, surgió en África hace tan sólo 200 milenios. Allí se dieron los (...) primeros logros esenciales de la condición humana: el lenguaje oral y escrito y la emergencia del pensamiento sistematizado, de la dimensión ética y artística del género humano. Con gran profundidad Eugenio Nkogo demuestra que la civilización humanista vino desde África a Occidente a través de Egipto y Roma. Después de sufrir el esclavismo y el colonialismo, el pensamiento africano se está convirtiendo en la vanguardia de un nuevo movimiento que sigue ayudando al género humano en su ruta hacia un mundo más civilizado y libre. (shrink)

This paper stands as a contribution to the debate triggered by the problem of violence and sexuality within the representation of the Other or, in this case, the Arab as Other. We shall depart from Judith Butler’s statements about the notion of theoretical framework and its political, ethic and aesthetic implications. Afterwards, we will confront this viewpoint with the criticism of J. Massad against the alleged orientalism and ethnocentrism of LGTB activist movements from the perspective of a certain cultural specificity (...) regarding sexuality in the Arab World, as well as to analyze the polemic arosed by Massad among different interlocutors. (shrink)

The present paper investigates the seventeenth-century debate on whether the agreement of all human beings upon certain notions—designated as the “common” ones—prove these notions to be innate. It does so by focusing on Descartes’ and Locke’s rejections of the philosophy of Herbert of Cherbury, one of the most important early modern proponents of this view. The paper opens by considering the strategy used in Herbert’s arguments, as well as the difficulties involved in them. It shows that Descartes’ 1638 and 1639 (...) reading of Herbert’s On Truth—both the 1633 second Latin edition and Mersenne’s 1639 translation—was instrumental in shaping Descartes’ views on the issue. The arguments of Locke’s Essay opposing Herbert’s case for innatism are thus revealed to be ineffective against the case which Descartes makes for this same doctrine, since Descartes had in fact framed his conception of innateness in opposition to the very same theses as Locke was arguing against. The paper concludes by explaining how two thinkers as antithetical as Locke and Descartes came to agree on at least one point, and a truly crucial one: namely, that universal consent counts as a criterion neither for innatism nor for truth. (shrink)

Apresentação e ordem geral da edição 2021/1.